Shashi Tharoor, a prominent figure in Indian politics and literature, has once again sparked a national conversation with his incisive reflections on Indira Gandhi's legacy. His latest work serves as a stark reminder of the complexities of her leadership, acknowledging both her remarkable achievements and the darker chapters of her rule. Tharoor's perspective, as always, is nuanced, offering a "personal" tribute that doesn't shy away from the controversial aspects of her time in power.

Indira Gandhi, a towering figure in Indian history, evokes extreme opinions, a duality Tharoor captures effectively. She led India through significant events, including the 1971 war that resulted in the creation of Bangladesh. This victory was a high point, showcasing her decisive leadership and strategic acumen. However, her tenure was also marked by the Emergency (1975-1977), a period when civil liberties were suspended, and authoritarian measures were implemented.

Tharoor doesn't gloss over the Emergency's "horrifying litany of human rights abuses". He highlights the crackdown on dissent, the suppression of the press, and the judiciary's compliance under pressure. He specifically mentions the forced sterilization campaigns led by her son, Sanjay Gandhi, which disproportionately affected the poor and rural populations. Slum demolitions in urban centers like New Delhi left thousands homeless, a stark illustration of the period's ruthlessness. Tharoor laments how these excesses were later "downplayed as unfortunate".

Tharoor draws attention to the dangers of centralized power and the importance of safeguarding democratic institutions. He cautions against an "overweening executive, backed by a legislative majority," that can pose a grave threat to democracy, especially when convinced of its own infallibility. He emphasizes that "freedom of information and an independent press are of paramount importance" and that democracies depend on an independent judiciary to check executive overreach.

While acknowledging the "dark realities" of the Emergency, Tharoor also provides a balanced view by recognizing Indira Gandhi's other accomplishments. Her early years were marked by tentative steps, followed by electoral setbacks. However, she displayed fierce determination in consolidating her power, splitting the ruling party and assuming unchallenged leadership. Her "Garibi Hatao" (Remove Poverty) slogan resonated with the masses, leading to a sweeping electoral victory in 1971.

Tharoor's reflections on Indira Gandhi are particularly relevant in today's political climate. With concerns about the centralization of power and the suppression of dissent, her era serves as a cautionary tale. Tharoor's critique extends beyond historical analysis; he subtly draws parallels to contemporary issues, urging vigilance in protecting democratic values.

Shashi Tharoor's work serves as a reminder of the complexities inherent in evaluating political leaders. Indira Gandhi's legacy is a mix of progress and setbacks, of decisive leadership and authoritarian tendencies. By acknowledging both the "good and ill", Tharoor encourages a more nuanced understanding of her impact on India, urging us to learn from the past to safeguard the future of Indian democracy.