The Parsi community in India, a unique and influential ethnoreligious group with roots in ancient Persia, faces a significant demographic challenge: a rapidly declining population. This decline has raised concerns about the community's future and prompted efforts to preserve its cultural heritage and traditions.

The Parsis, meaning "Persians," are descendants of Zoroastrians who fled Persia (modern-day Iran) to avoid religious persecution following the Arab conquest in the 7th century AD. They arrived on the western coast of India, primarily settling in Gujarat and Mumbai, where they integrated into Indian society while maintaining their distinct identity. Zoroastrianism, founded by Prophet Zoroaster, is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, emphasizing good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. Fire holds immense symbolic importance in Zoroastrianism, representing purity and the divine presence, with fire temples (Atash Behrams) serving as central places of worship.

The Parsi community has made substantial contributions to India's economic, social, and cultural landscape, despite its small size. Notable Parsi figures include industrialists like Jamsetjee Tata, philanthropists, and leaders in various fields. Parsis are known for their entrepreneurial spirit, education, and philanthropy, establishing successful enterprises and charitable institutions that have benefited Indian society.

However, the Parsi population in India has been steadily declining since the mid-20th century. From a peak of 114,000 in 1941, their numbers have dwindled to approximately 57,264 in 2011. This decline is attributed to several factors, including low fertility rates, late marriages, migration, and a reluctance to accept converts. The community's total fertility rate is significantly below the replacement level, with many Parsi women marrying later in life or remaining unmarried. Additionally, the exclusion of children born to Parsi women who marry outside the community contributes to the declining population.

Recognizing the urgent need to address this demographic challenge, the Indian government launched the "Jiyo Parsi" scheme in 2013. This central sector scheme aims to reverse the declining trend of the Parsi population by adopting a scientific protocol and structured interventions to stabilize their population in India. The scheme has three main components: medical assistance, advocacy and health of the community. Under the medical component, financial assistance is provided to Parsi couples for fertility treatments. The health of the community component offers financial support for childcare and elderly care. The advocacy component focuses on raising awareness about the scheme and promoting the importance of preserving Parsi heritage. Since its inception, the Jiyo Parsi scheme has facilitated the birth of over 400 Parsi children. The government also provides financial assistance to couples for child care and elderly care, and has launched a portal to enable Parsi couples to apply online and receive financial assistance through Direct Benefit Transfer.

Parsi culture is a blend of Persian and Indian traditions, reflected in their cuisine, customs, and religious practices. Parsi cuisine is known for its unique flavors and dishes, such as Dhansak, Patra ni Machhi, and Salli Boti. Parsi weddings are elaborate affairs, steeped in tradition and symbolism. The Navjote ceremony initiates young Parsis into the Zoroastrian faith. Navroz, the Parsi New Year, is a joyous occasion celebrated with prayers, feasts, and community gatherings.

The Parsi community faces several challenges in preserving its religious properties and traditions amidst the declining population. Some fire temples have seen a decrease in the number of devotees, leading to discussions about their maintenance and future. Encouraging younger generations to take up priesthood is also a concern, as fewer individuals are willing to commit to the rigorous training required.

Despite these challenges, the Parsi community remains resilient and committed to preserving its unique cultural identity. Efforts to promote intermarriage, while controversial, reflect a desire to ensure the community's survival. Language classes, cultural workshops, and literary events help connect Parsis of all ages with their linguistic roots and heritage. The Jiyo Parsi scheme, coupled with community-led initiatives, offers a glimmer of hope for the future of India's dwindling Parsis.