The Karnataka government is facing strong opposition over its proposal to extend daily working hours to 12 in some sectors, including the IT industry in Bengaluru. The proposal involves amending the Karnataka Shops and Commercial Establishments Act, 1961, which currently limits working hours to nine per day, with a maximum of 10 hours including overtime. The proposed changes would allow for a 10-hour workday, with the possibility of extending it to 12 hours with overtime. Additionally, the overtime limit would increase from 50 to 144 hours per three months.
The Karnataka State IT/ITeS Employees Union (KITU) has vehemently protested the proposal, calling it "modern-day slavery." They argue that it would negatively impact work-life balance and job security. KITU leaders have urged employees across the sector to unite and resist the changes. Their primary concern is that legalizing 12-hour shifts could lead to a two-shift system, potentially resulting in the elimination of one-third of the workforce. The union believes the move prioritizes corporate profits over employee welfare and undermines workers' fundamental rights.
The government, however, defends the proposed changes by stating that they aim to provide flexibility to both employers and employees. They also point out that similar amendments have been implemented in other states like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, with the goal of attracting investors and boosting economic growth. Some government officials claim the changes are intended to modernize record-keeping procedures and provide smaller businesses with fewer than ten employees more flexibility. They also suggest longer workdays might improve connectivity for project-based firms, making them more appealing to global clients. The Labour Department insists that the proposed amendments will not breach the 48-hour weekly cap.
The debate surrounding 12-hour workdays raises several critical issues. While employers might benefit from increased productivity and simplified scheduling, employees face the risk of burnout, fatigue, and a compromised work-life balance. Studies have shown that extended work hours can lead to decreased alertness, impaired decision-making, and increased health risks such as cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, and mental health problems.
On the other hand, some argue that 12-hour shifts can lead to more days off, potentially increasing job satisfaction and reducing absenteeism. Employees may have more time for personal matters, family, and recreation. Fewer commutes could also save time and money. However, the longer shifts can be physically demanding, potentially leading to job fatigue and reduced performance. If an employee misses a day of work, they may also lose a higher percentage of their pay compared to those working 8-hour shifts.
The implementation of 12-hour shifts requires careful consideration and planning. Employers need to prioritize employee well-being by providing resources such as sleep management guidance and ensuring fair compensation for overtime. Regular monitoring of employee health and safety is also crucial. The Karnataka government has offered few specifics on which sectors this would apply to first and what safeguards, if any, would prevent abuse.
The controversy in Karnataka highlights the ongoing tension between economic growth and worker welfare. As the state government proceeds with consultations, it is essential to strike a balance that protects the rights and well-being of employees while fostering a business-friendly environment.
