India is charting a unique course in ensuring the safety of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by adopting a "techno-legal" approach, as opposed to solely relying on legal frameworks. This strategy, championed by Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw, prioritizes innovation while building robust safety mechanisms.
Vaishnaw, speaking at the launch of the AI Viksit Bharat Roadmap, highlighted that many countries view AI safety as primarily a legal challenge, often focusing on passing laws in the belief that safety will automatically follow. India, however, is taking a different route, emphasizing the importance of technological solutions alongside legal provisions. This "techno-legal" approach involves creating a virtual AI Safety Institute, a network of institutions each dedicated to addressing specific AI safety challenges. For instance, IIT Jodhpur is developing algorithms to detect deepfakes with high accuracy.
The core philosophy behind India's approach is to allow technology to innovate and evolve, and then build appropriate regulatory structures, rather than imposing strict regulations upfront. This contrasts with the approach taken by Europe and other regions, where the emphasis is often on enacting laws and establishing regulatory bodies. India's stance reflects a belief that premature regulation can stifle innovation and hinder the development of AI technologies.
According to Vaishnaw, a mastery of critical technologies, including AI, is essential for any country aspiring to be developed. He identified other key technologies, such as telecom, semiconductors, electric vehicles, biotech, advanced engines, quantum computing, and rare earths, emphasizing the need to cultivate a strong talent pool and ensure India remains at the forefront of technological advancement.
India's focus on AI extends beyond safety; it is viewed as a tool for economic growth and societal transformation. NITI Aayog estimates that AI adoption could add $17–25 trillion in value globally over the next decade, with India potentially claiming up to 15% of this. This could boost India's GDP projection by $1.7 trillion, bringing it to $8.3 trillion. The government is also focused on AI applications in healthcare, agriculture, climate and education.
The government is actively promoting the democratization of technology, building on the success of models like UPI and digital public infrastructure. Efforts are underway to make GPU computing facilities accessible to a wide range of institutions across India, fostering a diverse talent pool in frontier technologies. The AI mission is working well, and India aims to remain among the top five AI nations in terms of capability, use and talent in the world.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has emphasized the government's commitment to supporting AI and quantum technologies through consistent budget allocations, including plans for a regulatory sandbox in the financial sector. This approach aims to strike a balance between fostering innovation and managing risks, positioning India as a global leader in responsible AI governance.
Vaishnaw believes that India's unique "techno-legal" approach can serve as a model for the world. By prioritizing technological solutions alongside legal frameworks, India aims to create a safe and thriving AI ecosystem that drives economic growth and improves the lives of its citizens.
