Recent years have witnessed a complex evolution in the relationship between the United States and India, particularly during Donald Trump's presidencies. While initial optimism and shared populist sentiments suggested a strengthening of ties, several missteps and miscalculations led to friction and a re-evaluation of the partnership. Here are five key areas where Trump's approach towards India went awry:

1. Trade and Tariffs: Trump's "America First" policy prioritized reciprocal trade and challenged what he perceived as unfair trade practices. This led to increased tariffs on Indian goods, including steel and aluminum, impacting Indian exports. In July 2025, additional tariffs were imposed as a penalty for India's continued oil trade with Russia, bringing the total duties on some Indian exports to 50%, among the highest for any US trading partner. Trump's administration also pressed India to open its agricultural sector to US goods, a politically sensitive issue. These actions contradicted early expectations of a comprehensive trade agreement and created significant economic strain.

2. Mediation Claims on Kashmir: India has consistently maintained that the Kashmir issue is a bilateral matter with Pakistan, rejecting any third-party mediation. However, Trump repeatedly claimed that the US had mediated a ceasefire between India and Pakistan and offered to help resolve the Kashmir dispute. These statements directly contradicted India's position and undermined its diplomatic narrative. In May 2025, Trump posted on Truth Social about mediating the India-Pakistan ceasefire and expressed his willingness to work with both countries on Kashmir.

3. H-1B Visa Restrictions: A significant point of contention was the Trump administration's tightening of regulations on H-1B visas, which are crucial for Indian professionals working in the US technology sector. The introduction of a $100,000 surcharge on new H-1B visa petitions in late September 2025 added to the financial burden and sparked anger in India. These restrictions on the movement of skilled workers were perceived as detrimental to both Indian professionals and the US innovation ecosystem.

4. Public Shaming and Coercion: Trump publicly criticized India's economy and accused Prime Minister Modi of "profiting from chaos," which was seen as turning a symbol of friendship into a tool for public shaming and coercion. This approach contrasted sharply with the traditional diplomatic norms of quiet, behind-the-scenes negotiations. Trump went so far as to label India's economy "dead" and accuse Modi of "profiting from chaos," effectively turning a symbol of friendship into a lever for public shaming and coercion.

5. Relationship with Pakistan: Despite growing strategic alignment with India, the Trump administration pursued a rapprochement with Pakistan, including a proposed trade and energy development agreement. This shift, along with hosting the Pakistani army chief at the White House, annoyed India and fueled concerns about a tactical tilt towards its arch-rival. India also rejected Trump's offer to mediate the India-Pakistan conflict in May 2025.

While India and the United States continue to share converging interests in areas like defense, technology, and regional security, Trump's approach introduced unpredictability and transactionalism into the relationship. India has responded by diversifying its partnerships and prioritizing strategic autonomy. The future trajectory of US-India relations will depend on addressing these past missteps and building a more stable and predictable foundation for cooperation.