Karnataka's cow dung is experiencing high demand in international markets, driving the market to an estimated Rs 6700 crore. This surge is attributed to the rising global interest in organic and eco-friendly products. Countries like the USA, UAE, and South Korea are importing cow dung from India for various purposes, including agriculture, bioenergy, and religious practices.

The increasing demand has created new opportunities for small-scale manufacturers, agricultural cooperatives, and rural businesses in India. These producers are focusing on processing, certifying, and packaging cow dung in an environmentally friendly manner to meet international standards.

Cow dung is utilized in several ways in importing countries. In agriculture, it serves as a fertilizer to improve crop yields. For instance, a study showed that cow dung powder significantly boosts date palm crop yields by increasing fruit size and production. It is also used in bioenergy production and, in some cultures, for religious rites, particularly in the form of cow dung cakes. Additionally, it is used to make eco-friendly pots and paper.

India produces approximately 3 million tons of cow dung daily, a significant portion of which is now being exported to meet global demand. While cow dung has traditional uses in rural Indian households, it is being converted into fertilizer, biogas, and energy abroad. The price of cow dung ranges from ₹30 to ₹50 per kg, but processed cow dung packets can sell for as high as ₹961 in some online markets.

Kuwait, for example, imports cow dung from India to improve its date palm crop yields. The arid landscape of Kuwait makes it challenging to grow trees, but Indian cow dung has been found to retain moisture and enrich the soil, leading to better yields.

However, the export of cow dung also presents challenges. Proper handling, certifications, and hygiene are essential to ensure its suitability for export. Without adequate drying and packaging, cow dung can spoil. The export price varies depending on the product type, such as fresh dung, powder, or cakes, and the supplier, typically ranging between Rs. 8 and Rs. 50 per kilogram.

In 2024-2025, India's top cow dung export products were compost manure, fertilizers, and fresh cow dung. The United States, Singapore, China, Nepal, and Brazil were the top importing countries. Fresh cow dung exports brought in INR 125 crore, fertilizers INR 173.67 crore, and compost manure INR 88.02 crore.

The growing global market is transforming cow dung into a valuable commodity, generating substantial revenue for India.