The United States has emerged as India's top export market for mangoes, marking a significant shift in the global mango trade. This development is particularly noteworthy as the Kesar variety has overtaken the Alphonso in popularity among U.S. consumers.
India's Mango Export Landscape
India is a major player in the global mango market, boasting a diverse range of mango varieties. In the fiscal year 2023-24, India exported 32,104.09 metric tonnes of fresh mangoes worldwide, valued at INR 495.46 crores (USD 60.14 million). The country's mango production exceeds 24 million metric tonnes annually, with Kesar, Safeda, and Alphonso being key export varieties.
While India is the world's largest mango producer, it ranks as the fourth-largest exporter, with Mexico leading the export market. In 2023, Mexico's mango exports reached USD 575.36 million, while India's stood at USD 148.36 million. The Netherlands and Brazil also hold significant positions in the global mango export market.
Rise of the US Market
Mango exports to the USA from India have increased by 19% from the previous fiscal year. In the first five months of fiscal year 2024-25, mango exports to the USA reached 2043.60 metric tonnes. This growth is attributed to several factors, including a decline in freight rates and the establishment of irradiation facilities in India, which help maintain the freshness and aroma of the mangoes.
Kesar Triumphs Over Alphonso
The Kesar mango, known for its hardiness and appeal to the Gujarati diaspora, has surpassed the Alphonso as India's top mango export to the US. Kesar's longer shelf life and growing popularity have fueled its global export surge. Alphonso mangoes, while still popular, face logistical challenges and competition from other varieties.
Mango Varieties and Destinations
Besides Kesar and Alphonso, other mango varieties exported from India include Totapuri, Badami, Banganapalli (Safeda), and Rajapuri. Major export destinations for Indian mangoes include the United Arab Emirates, Oman, the USA, Saudi Arabia, and other Gulf countries. In addition to the United States, India also exports mangoes to Japan, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.
Regulations and Requirements
Exporting mangoes from India to the USA involves compliance with stringent regulations. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) have specific requirements to ensure the safety and quality of imported fruits. Key regulations include the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), which focuses on preventing foodborne illnesses, and adherence to pesticide residue limits established by the EPA and FDA.
The USDA regulates the importation of plants, fruits, and vegetables, including mangoes. Mangoes must be free from pests and diseases, and exporters must obtain phytosanitary certificates from Indian authorities. Irradiation treatment is often required to eliminate potential pests.
The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) also plays a crucial role in facilitating mango exports from India. Exporters must register with APEDA, obtain necessary licenses, and meet APEDA quality standards for size, maturity, appearance, and packaging.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite the growth in mango exports, Indian exporters face challenges such as high transportation costs, stringent quality requirements, and competition from other mango-producing countries. However, the increasing demand for Indian mangoes in the US and other markets presents significant opportunities for growth. By adopting advanced farming practices, improving supply chain logistics, and focusing on quality and variety, India can further strengthen its position in the global mango market.
