US Senator Lindsey Graham is championing a new legislative effort aimed at tightening the screws on Russia for its ongoing invasion of Ukraine. Dubbed the "Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025," this bipartisan bill proposes a significant escalation in economic pressure, targeting not only Russia but also countries like India and China that continue to engage in energy trade with Moscow. The core of Graham's strategy involves imposing a staggering 500% tariff on imports from nations that persist in purchasing Russian oil, gas, and uranium, unless they demonstrably support Ukraine.

Graham has been vocal about his intentions, characterizing the bill as an "economic bunker buster" designed to compel Russian President Vladimir Putin to negotiate an end to the conflict. He has publicly stated that he has secured 84 co-sponsors for the bill and anticipates its passage in the Senate. Graham's sense of urgency stems from his belief that existing measures have been insufficient to deter Putin's aggression, stating that "Putin has gotten worse, not better...We've tried soft pressure. It's not working."

The implications of the Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025 are far-reaching, especially for countries like India and China, who rely heavily on Russian energy exports. India, in particular, has increased its imports of Russian crude oil, surpassing traditional suppliers like Saudi Arabia and Iraq. If the bill becomes law, India's economic advantage in procuring relatively cheaper Russian oil could turn into a significant disadvantage, potentially disrupting its energy supplies and causing price shocks in the market. According to reports, India and China purchase approximately 70% of Russia's energy exports.

The proposed legislation has faced some pushback, with concerns raised about potential diplomatic fallout and the need for flexibility in applying sanctions. To address these concerns, the bill includes a presidential waiver, allowing the White House some discretion in implementation. However, Graham has remained firm in his conviction that strong action is necessary, emphasizing the bill's critical importance in changing Putin's calculus.

The bill's passage through the US Senate is not guaranteed, especially given President Trump's historically friendly relationship with Putin. However, even amidst complexities, there have been signals that a bipartisan consensus may be forming to address the ongoing conflict in Ukraine through increased economic pressure on Russia and those who continue to do business with them.

If enacted, the Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025 could significantly reshape the global energy landscape and international relations, testing the strategic autonomy of nations like India and potentially accelerating a shift towards alternative energy sources and partnerships. It remains to be seen whether this "economic bunker buster" will achieve its intended effect of bringing Russia to the negotiating table and ending the war in Ukraine.