The Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, has indicated that the institution of the Dalai Lama should continue after his death. This statement carries significant weight, especially for Tibetans and his global supporters, who view him as a symbol of non-violence, compassion, and the ongoing struggle to preserve Tibetan cultural identity in the face of Chinese rule.

The Dalai Lama's reincarnation is a complex issue, particularly given the involvement of the Chinese government. Beijing views the reincarnation as a matter of control, hoping to install a successor who is more amenable to their authority and thereby neutralize the Tibetan independence movement. The Dalai Lama, however, has stated that his successor will be born in the "free world," outside of China. He explained that "Since the purpose of a reincarnation is to carry on the work of the predecessor, the new Dalai Lama will be born in the free world so that the traditional mission of the Dalai Lama – that is, to be the voice for universal compassion, the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, and the symbol of Tibet embodying the aspirations of the Tibetan people – will continue".

The current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is 89 years old and has lived in exile in India since 1959 after a failed uprising against Chinese rule. He has expressed that he intends to live for many more years, perhaps until he is 113. In 2011, the Dalai Lama relinquished his political duties to focus on his spiritual role. He has also stated that he would consult with Tibetan High Lamas and the Tibetan people to re-evaluate whether the institution should continue when he turned 90.

Historically, the search for the Dalai Lama's reincarnation began after the death of the current Dalai Lama. Senior monks would interpret signs, consult oracles, and search the Tibetan region for a child who exhibited qualities of the previous Dalai Lama. However, the current Dalai Lama is rewriting this process, suggesting that he may name his successor while he is still alive and that the child may be born outside of Tibet.

China has already installed its own Panchen Lama, the second-highest spiritual leader in Tibetan Buddhism, who traditionally plays a key role in identifying the next Dalai Lama. The Dalai Lama's recognized Panchen Lama was abducted by China and replaced with a state-approved figure.

The selection of the next Dalai Lama is not only a spiritual matter but also a geopolitical one. The possibility of two Dalai Lamas, one selected by the Chinese government and one recognized by Tibetan Buddhists, raises the stakes. This situation could create an unprecedented crisis of legitimacy, with neither side willing to negotiate or compromise.

The Dalai Lama’s decision regarding his succession plan is eagerly awaited by Tibetans, China, India, and the United States. His choice will have far-reaching implications for the future of Tibetan Buddhism and the Tibetan people.