Nitish Kumar's continued success in Bihar elections is a complex interplay of factors extending beyond just the widely acknowledged support of women voters. While his focus on women's empowerment has undoubtedly been a game-changer, a broader analysis reveals a carefully constructed coalition and a keen understanding of Bihar's social dynamics.
One of the key elements of Nitish Kumar's strategy is his ability to cultivate a loyal voter base that extends across caste lines. Political analysts point to the significance of the Kurmi-Koeri communities, along with the Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs), and Mahadalits, as crucial components of his support. The NDA has consolidated the upper castes through BJP, while Nitish Kumar's JD(U) secured a strong base among Kurmis and EBCs, which constitute about 36% of Bihar's population. This strategic outreach to EBCs, who constitute a significant portion of Bihar's population, has been particularly effective. By implementing welfare measures and policies aimed at uplifting these communities, Kumar has fostered a sense of loyalty and trust.
Furthermore, Nitish Kumar's image as "Sushasan Babu" (Mr. Good Governance) has resonated with voters seeking stability and development. In a state historically plagued by lawlessness, Kumar's emphasis on improving law and order, infrastructure, and essential services has been a major draw. This focus on "sushasan" has helped him to contrast his administration with previous regimes and build a positive brand. His government's achievements in improving roads, electricity, and other essential services have solidified this image.
Nitish Kumar's political acumen is also evident in his strategic alliance-making. He has demonstrated a remarkable ability to navigate the ever-changing political landscape of Bihar, forming alliances with diverse parties, including the BJP and the RJD, to maintain his position. While these frequent shifts have earned him the moniker "Paltu Ram," they have also allowed him to remain relevant and at the center of Bihar's political narrative. As political analyst Amitabh Tiwari noted, whichever party Nitish Kumar has allied with has won elections in the past, solidifying his role as a kingmaker in Bihar.
However, it is crucial to acknowledge the significant role women voters have played in Nitish Kumar's success. His government has implemented various schemes aimed at empowering women, such as the Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana and the Jeevika self-help group program. These initiatives, coupled with reservations for women in panchayats and police recruitment, have contributed to a surge in female voter turnout and a strong sense of loyalty towards Kumar. In the 2025 elections, women's turnout reached a historic high, significantly exceeding that of men, demonstrating the impact of these policies. The NDA's promise to create "lakhpati didis" and the direct cash transfers to women further solidified this support.
Despite facing anti-incumbency and questions about his health and governance, Nitish Kumar has consistently managed to win elections due to his consolidated vote bank. This includes the support of upper castes, EBCs, and his core constituencies of Koeri/Kurmi communities. Moreover, the NDA fought with cohesion in the 2025 Bihar election, unlike previous elections where internal conflicts impacted their performance.
In conclusion, Nitish Kumar's enduring success in Bihar is not solely attributable to women voters, but rather a combination of factors including strategic coalition building, a focus on good governance, targeted welfare policies, and a deep understanding of the state's complex social and political dynamics. His ability to adapt to changing circumstances, maintain a loyal voter base, and project an image of stability and development has solidified his position as one of Bihar's most influential political figures.
