The recent surge in anti-India sentiment in Bangladesh has sparked considerable debate and concern, particularly regarding its underlying causes and potential consequences. While the reasons for this growing animosity are complex and multifaceted, a closer examination reveals that the anti-India sentiment makes little political sense when considering the historical and strategic realities of the two nations.
One prominent argument suggests that the current interim government, led by Muhammad Yunus, is fostering an environment conducive to extremism and anti-India sentiment. Former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has accused the Yunus administration of issuing hostile statements against India, failing to protect religious minorities, and allowing extremist elements to shape foreign policy. According to Hasina, these actions are destabilizing the long-standing, deep-rooted ties between Bangladesh and India. She claims that the current tensions are a direct result of the interim government's policies and that relations will stabilize once legitimate governance is restored.
However, some reports indicate that anti-India sentiment has been escalating since the death of Sharif Osman Hadi, a leader of the July Revolution. Hadi's death triggered massive protests and accusations against India and the Awami League, with some protestors attacking media outlets and institutions perceived as pro-India. It is also alleged that the shooter of Hadi fled to India.
Analysts suggest that external forces, particularly Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) through Jamaat-e-Islami, are exploiting the domestic political turbulence to fuel anti-India sentiment. This manipulation aims to undermine India's influence and create tensions between the two countries. Some observers point to the upcoming elections in Bangladesh in February 2026, where anti-India sentiment could be used as a political tool to gain support.
Despite these internal and external pressures, a pragmatic view of Bangladesh-India relations reveals the inherent benefits of cooperation. India has been a steadfast partner in Bangladesh's development, providing significant economic assistance, trade opportunities, and security cooperation. The two countries share deep historical and cultural ties, and a stable, cooperative relationship is crucial for regional security and economic growth.
Moreover, any disruption in bilateral relations could have severe consequences for Bangladesh's economy, which relies heavily on trade with India. Similarly, reduced security cooperation could leave Bangladesh vulnerable to extremist elements and transnational crime. Therefore, it is difficult to see how sustained anti-India sentiment serves Bangladesh's long-term interests.
Ultimately, the anti-India rage in Bangladesh appears to be driven by a combination of factors, including domestic political instability, the rise of extremist groups, and external manipulation. While these forces may exert considerable influence in the short term, they are unlikely to alter the fundamental realities that underpin the Bangladesh-India relationship. A rational assessment of these realities suggests that cooperation, not confrontation, is the best path forward for both nations.
