Recent escalations in the ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan have sparked international concern, particularly regarding the stance of Muslim countries. Historically, Pakistan has relied on support from the Islamic world during conflicts with India. However, the current scenario suggests a shift, with many Muslim nations seemingly hesitant to offer unequivocal support to Pakistan, instead urging de-escalation.
Several factors contribute to this evolving dynamic. Firstly, India's growing economic and strategic importance has made it difficult for Muslim countries to unequivocally side against it. Prime Minister Modi has actively cultivated closer ties with these nations, and several Gulf states have even bestowed upon him their highest civilian honors. These nations recognize the significance of maintaining strong relations with India, given its economic prowess and regional influence.
Secondly, there's a growing sense of impatience and disillusionment with Pakistan among some Gulf states. Despite significant financial assistance in the form of loans and grants, Pakistan's economic woes persist. Moreover, instances of perceived "backstabbing," such as the harboring of Osama bin Laden, have strained relations.
The recent deadly militant attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, which resulted in the death of twenty-five Indian nationals and one Nepalese national, further exacerbated tensions. India swiftly blamed Pakistan for harboring the responsible group and arrested two Pakistani nationals as suspects. While Pakistan denied involvement, the incident drew condemnation from several Muslim countries, including Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
Saudi Arabia condemned the Pahalgam attack, and their minister visited both Delhi and Islamabad, urging de-escalation. The UAE's president also spoke with Prime Minister Modi following the attack. Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Egypt also joined in condemning the attack and calling for de-escalation. This unified response signals a notable departure from the past, where religious solidarity often took precedence.
However, not all Muslim countries have distanced themselves from Pakistan. Turkey and Azerbaijan have reportedly remained steadfast in their support. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) issued statements on the India-Pakistan conflict, initially accusing India of making unfounded allegations against Pakistan. While later statements dropped the accusation and called for de-escalation, the OIC also expressed concern over "unjustified strikes on Pakistan," reflecting the complexities within the organization.
Despite a fragile ceasefire in place, the situation remains volatile. Recent reports indicate cross-border exchanges of fire and accusations of ceasefire violations. The conflict has brought the Kashmir dispute back into the international spotlight, with Pakistan potentially seeking to leverage the situation to its advantage.
The changing dynamics within the Muslim world reflect a broader shift in geopolitical priorities. Economic interests, strategic partnerships, and concerns about terrorism are influencing the foreign policies of these nations. While historical ties and religious affinity still play a role, they are no longer the sole determinants of alliances and allegiances. India's rise as a major global player has further complicated the equation, compelling Muslim countries to carefully balance their relationships with both India and Pakistan.
