Ranthambore National Park, a renowned tiger reserve in Rajasthan, India, is facing increasing scrutiny due to escalating concerns over encroachments within its boundaries. A Supreme Court panel is actively examining the situation, focusing on illegal constructions, mining activities, and unauthorized access that threaten the delicate ecosystem and wildlife of the park.

The issue of encroachment in Ranthambore is multifaceted. Illegal construction within the critical tiger habitat and buffer zones has been a long-standing problem. Reports indicate that guest houses and other commercial structures have been erected in prohibited areas, posing a direct threat to the flora and fauna. The Rajasthan High Court has taken a firm stance, directing forest authorities to seize and attach illegal properties and constructions within the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, and instructing the police and district administration to fully cooperate with forest officials. The court has expressed concern over ongoing construction and encroachment in the critical tiger habitat. The court was informed that illegal constructions were of a commercial nature.

Illegal mining activities are also a major concern. The Supreme Court has recently warned the Rajasthan government of potential contempt proceedings due to illegal mining inside the core area of the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve. The court is particularly alarmed by the extensive illegal mining affecting approximately 150 hectares of land near Uliyana village within the critical tiger habitat. This mining activity severely impacts the movement and behavior of wild animals, especially tigers and leopards. There are allegations that local politicians obstruct the forest department from taking action against vehicles involved in illegal mining.

Another aspect of the encroachment issue involves unauthorized access to the park. The National Green Tribunal addressed a case of illegal entry of luxury vehicles into Ranthambore National Park. A news article reported a dozen luxury vehicles entered the park's Zone 8 without permission, raising concerns about tiger safety and possible collusion of forest department officials. The forest department responded by seizing vehicles and registering FIRs, and suspending two officials. The investigation revealed that the tourists broke the lock of a gate to enter a non-tourism area.

These encroachments have significant consequences for Ranthambore's ecosystem and wildlife. Habitat loss and fragmentation disrupt wildlife corridors, making it difficult for animals to move freely and find resources. The noise, debris, and vehicular disturbance associated with illegal activities further degrade the habitat and reduce the area available for wildlife. Increased human-wildlife conflict is also a growing concern as animals venture outside the park in search of food and water.

The Supreme Court's Central Empowered Committee (CEC) has previously directed the state government to halt all construction activity violating the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 and directives from the apex court. This directive came in response to allegations that the state forest department was undertaking massive construction work inside the national park.

Addressing the encroachment problem requires a multi-pronged approach. Strict enforcement of existing laws and regulations is essential to deter illegal activities and punish offenders. Forest officials need greater support and resources to effectively patrol the park and prevent encroachments. Collaboration between government agencies, local communities, and conservation organizations is crucial to finding sustainable solutions that protect both the environment and the livelihoods of people living near the park. Alternative livelihood programs can reduce dependence on forest resources and promote community involvement in conservation efforts.

The situation in Ranthambore highlights the ongoing challenges of balancing development and conservation in protected areas. As human populations grow and pressures on natural resources increase, it is imperative to find innovative ways to protect these valuable ecosystems for future generations. The Supreme Court panel's scrutiny and the actions of the Rajasthan High Court demonstrate a commitment to addressing the encroachment problem and safeguarding the biodiversity of Ranthambore National Park.