The Air India Flight AI171 crash that occurred on June 12, 2025, near Ahmedabad, India, is currently under intense investigation to determine the cause of the disaster that transpired within approximately 40 seconds after takeoff. The Boeing 787 Dreamliner, bound for London Gatwick, crashed shortly after departure, resulting in the death of all but one of the 242 passengers and crew on board, as well as dozens on the ground.

Immediate Aftermath and Investigation

Following the crash, investigation teams from India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, along with experts from the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) and the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), initiated a comprehensive investigation. Both the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder, commonly known as "black boxes," have been recovered and are being analyzed to understand the sequence of events leading to the crash. Preliminary findings suggest that the aircraft's emergency power system was activated before the crash, raising concerns about potential engine failure during takeoff.

Possible Causes Under Scrutiny

Several factors are being considered as potential causes of the crash.

• Engine Failure: One prominent theory revolves around the possibility of engine failure. The pilot's mayday call reported "no thrust, losing power," suggesting a critical issue with the engines. Some experts speculate a dual-engine failure, a rare but catastrophic event, possibly due to bird strikes. Additionally, the right engine of the aircraft had been replaced just three months prior and is now a focal point of the investigation.
• Mechanical Issues: Investigators are exploring the possibility of system or multiple systems failures. This includes examining the fuel and engine control systems. Checks have been ordered on all Air India Boeing 787 aircraft equipped with GEnx engines.
• Pilot Error: While less likely, pilot error is also being considered. This includes assessing whether incorrect flap settings were used for takeoff, which could lead to poor performance and a potential stall, especially with a heavily loaded aircraft in hot weather.
• Other Factors: Other potential causes being investigated include instrument or warning-system failures, collisions with debris or obstacles near the runway, in-flight structural breakups, improper use of rudder or control surfaces, skipped checklists, and tire damage from runway debris.

DGCA's Response and Safety Concerns

India's Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has taken immediate steps following the crash. Enhanced surveillance of Air India's Boeing 787 fleet has been ordered, including checks on fuel and engine control systems. While initial surveillance did not reveal major safety concerns, the DGCA has flagged concerns regarding recent maintenance-related issues reported at Air India.

Impact on Air India Operations

The crash has significantly impacted Air India's operations. Numerous flights have been canceled due to safety inspections and airspace closures in some Middle Eastern countries. The airline has announced a 15% curtailment of wide-body aircraft service until mid-July due to these factors.

Historical Context and Parallels

Analysis of past takeoff accidents reveals a range of potential causes, from instrument failures to collisions and structural issues. The investigation will draw on these historical precedents to understand the factors involved in the Air India crash.

Moving Forward

The investigation into the Air India Flight AI171 crash is ongoing and is expected to be a lengthy process. The data from the black boxes, along with the wreckage examination and witness accounts, will be crucial in determining the definitive cause of the accident. The findings will not only provide closure for the families of the victims but also help to improve aviation safety and prevent similar tragedies in the future.