Chief Justice of India (CJI) Bhushan Gavai has recently articulated the enduring relevance of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's philosophy, emphasizing its power to guide future generations toward the establishment of a society rooted in socio-economic equality and justice. Gavai made these remarks at the diamond jubilee event of Dr. Ambedkar College, underscoring the importance of Ambedkar's vision in contemporary India.
Dr. Ambedkar's philosophy is deeply embedded in the principles of social democracy and state socialism, both aimed at eradicating social and economic disparities in India. Social democracy, in Ambedkar's view, comprises the three core tenets of justice: equality, liberty, and fraternity. He saw these principles as interdependent, not as separate ideals, crucial for sustaining a democratic society. Ambedkar emphasized that liberty without equality leads to the domination by a few, and equality without liberty leads to oppression. He championed the rule of law, fundamental rights, and affirmative action to uplift the oppressed.
Ambedkar was a staunch critic of the Hindu caste system, viewing it as an oppressive and unjust structure that denied basic rights and dignity to Dalits. He argued that caste is not merely a division of labor but a division of laborers, perpetuating social and economic inequality. To counter this, he advocated for a society founded on reason and equality.
In the realm of economic philosophy, Ambedkar rejected both unregulated capitalism and extreme socialism, proposing a middle ground where the state plays a pivotal role in economic planning. He saw economic justice as vital to ending social inequality, advocating for state-led industrialization, land reforms, and labor rights. He was also critical of unchecked capitalism, believing it reinforced class hierarchies and entrenched social divisions. Ambedkar advocated for a form of state socialism where the government actively intervenes in economic life to ensure the welfare of all citizens, particularly the marginalized.
CJI Gavai highlighted women's empowerment as a crucial indicator of societal progress and a testament to Dr. Ambedkar's vision. Ambedkar believed that the economic progress of India is also hampered due to the backwardness of women in the country who are not equally treated and given equal opportunity for their own development. Gavai also acknowledged the progress India has made since its independence, including land reforms, enhanced living conditions for workers, and the representation of marginalized communities in high offices. He stated that the Constitution and Dr. Ambedkar's vision have propelled India towards social and economic justice, enabling individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds to attain prominent positions.
Furthermore, Justice Gavai defended the significance of the directive principles of state policy, explaining that while they might seem aspirational, they are not on a bankrupt bank and the country would one day be capable of encashing the cheque. He also touched upon the evolution of judicial perspectives on equality, emphasizing the importance of reservations for backward classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes.
Ambedkar's vision of social equality extends beyond legal and political rights to encompass all aspects of social life. This vision is rooted in the belief that the Indian social fabric can only be healed when caste-based discrimination is eradicated and all citizens have equal access to opportunities. He stressed that true equality requires ongoing efforts to change attitudes, dismantle caste hierarchies, and create institutions that support the dignity of all individuals.
