The influence of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) on India's public discourse has become a focal point of political debate, particularly in light of recent events. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has asserted that the RSS ideology is shaping the nation's dialogue, a claim that has drawn both support and criticism.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his Independence Day address, lauded the RSS for its century of service to the nation, describing it as potentially the "world's biggest NGO" and praising its volunteers' dedication. This commendation, however, sparked controversy, with opposition parties like Congress and the Communist Party of India-Marxist questioning the organization's historical record and its place in a secular republic. Congress leader Jairam Ramesh termed Modi's praise as a "breach" of the spirit of the Constitution.
The BJP swiftly defended the Prime Minister's remarks. Amit Malviya, head of the BJP's IT department, emphasized the RSS's historical significance, recalling that even Jawaharlal Nehru had invited the RSS to participate in the Republic Day parade in 1963 and had recognized it as an organization of patriots. Malviya argued that contemporary Indian public discourse is influenced by RSS ideology, while also stating that the Congress is out of touch with current realities and even Nehru's own views.
The RSS, founded in 1925, is a Hindutva volunteer paramilitary organization and the ideological parent of the BJP. It aims to unite the Hindu community by instilling "Hindu discipline" and propagating the ideology of Hindutva to establish a Hindu Rashtra (Hindu nation). The organization has a wide network across India, with significant influence in various spheres of governance, particularly in states where BJP-led alliances are in power. The RSS presents itself as a cultural organization that promotes a Hindu nationalistic agenda. It focuses on discipline, physical and mental strength, and unity among Hindus.
The RSS has historically played a significant role in the Hindu nationalist movement. It has faced bans by the Indian government for alleged involvement in communal violence. Despite these controversies, the organization has grown into an influential entity with numerous affiliated organizations that have established schools, charities, and clubs to spread its ideological beliefs.
The RSS's influence extends beyond direct political involvement. It operates through a network of organizations, registered as nonprofits, to engage with different sections of society. Full-time RSS members are often transferred between these organizations, fostering coordination and ideological commitment. This network provides the BJP with an advantage in shaping public opinion and influencing the government apparatus. The organization has been working to ensure that Hindutva is associated with a larger cultural and social movement. The RSS focuses on grassroots outreach and community engagement and shapes perceptions subtly, ensuring that the BJP's message becomes part of everyday discourse.
PM Modi's public endorsement of the RSS comes amid speculations of strained relations between the BJP and the RSS. Differences in opinion over leadership choices are rumored to have caused delays in announcing the BJP's next president. Modi's praise can be interpreted as an effort to reaffirm the ideological alignment between the ruling party and its parent organization.
As the RSS approaches its centenary, its widespread and deeply entrenched network poses a significant challenge for future governments seeking to diminish its influence. The organization's ability to shape cultural defaults and lay the ideological foundation has made certain political choices seem inevitable. Whether perceived as a cultural organization or a political influencer, the RSS undeniably plays a crucial role in shaping India's public discourse.
