China's influence operations are increasingly leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to amplify propaganda and manipulate public opinion on a global scale. These efforts involve a network of coordinated activities, including the use of "troll armies" and the cultivation of foreign mouthpieces, to promote Beijing's agenda and suppress unfavorable narratives.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been investing heavily in shaping global public perception through sophisticated disinformation campaigns. AI plays a crucial role in this strategy, with algorithms designed to manipulate information on popular platforms like TikTok, WeChat, and X (formerly Twitter). These platforms have been accused of suppressing content critical of China while amplifying pro-Beijing and anti-Western narratives, particularly among younger audiences.

One concerning tactic is the use of AI to generate fake social media accounts and synthetic influencers. These AI-driven personas, often depicted as foreign nationals, are used to disseminate propaganda and create the illusion of widespread support for the CCP's policies. These influencers praise China's economic development, downplay human rights abuses, and promote friendship between China and other nations.

China's influence operations are not limited to domestic audiences. Beijing actively recruits foreign influencers, including YouTubers and TikTok personalities, to portray a positive image of the CCP's rule and normalize its authoritarian governance. These influencers often present a sanitized view of China, highlighting its infrastructure and economic progress while glossing over sensitive issues.

The use of troll armies is another key component of China's disinformation strategy. These organized networks of online commentators work to defend, attack, stir controversy, insult, or harass targets. They spread propaganda, promote pro-China narratives, and suppress dissenting voices. Some accounts have profile pictures generated by AI, a practice regularly observed in Chinese operations on social networks.

These influence operations have several aims, including maintaining the CCP's control over China, shaping China's image abroad, delegitimizing Taiwan, influencing international organizations, eroding American influence, and contributing to the decline of democracy worldwide. A key aspect of this campaign involves weakening the United States and other democratic societies by amplifying divisions and undermining trust in public institutions.

Taiwan has become a testing ground for Chinese disinformation campaigns, which are now being expanded worldwide. Chinese-controlled social media platforms are used to manipulate American audiences by suppressing negative news about China and amplifying anti-American content. This poses a direct threat to U.S. democracy.

To counter these threats, experts recommend several measures:

• Redoubling efforts to combat fake social media accounts.
• Promoting media literacy and ways to distinguish authentic content online.
• Increasing diplomatic coordination to share best practices for countering China's influence operations.
• Conducting independent evaluations of information efforts and ensuring benefits outweigh the costs.
• Engaging with Beijing to discuss restricting AI-driven influence operations.
• Supporting civil society organizations' efforts to expand media literacy and fact-checking initiatives using AI tools.
• Developing and implementing comprehensive, transparent legal frameworks combating disinformation.

By understanding the tactics and goals of China's AI-driven influence operations, democracies can better protect themselves from these threats and safeguard their values.