A notable shift is occurring in India's education landscape, with boys now exhibiting higher dropout rates than girls across all levels of schooling. This reversal challenges previous trends where girls, particularly after primary school, were more likely to discontinue their education.

Several factors contribute to this evolving dynamic. Overall school enrollment has seen a decline, with a significant decrease in the number of boys enrolled. This decline is partly attributed to falling birth rates and families shifting children to private schools. However, the decrease in enrollment is disproportionately affecting boys.

Financial pressures at home are a significant factor driving boys to leave school. Many boys are compelled to support their families financially, leading them to prioritize work over education. This is further compounded by a perceived lack of interest in studies among some boys, making them more inclined to seek employment. The rising cost of education also plays a role, particularly for families from marginalized communities.

In contrast, girls are managing to stay enrolled despite facing societal challenges. Increased awareness of the importance of girls' education, coupled with government initiatives promoting gender equality in education, has contributed to improved retention rates for girls. The emphasis on creating gender-sensitive and supportive classrooms has also played a crucial role.

The Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2024-25 report highlights a reduction in dropout rates across preparatory, middle, and secondary levels, alongside improved student retention rates. This indicates that schools are becoming more supportive and responsive to students' needs, reducing early departures from the system. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) has also increased at the middle and secondary levels, reflecting improved access to education.

Initiatives such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aim to address gender inequalities and promote inclusive and equitable quality education for all. The policy focuses on access and equity, curriculum and infrastructure building, and gender sensitization. However, despite these efforts, challenges persist, including ensuring that educational gains translate into gainful employment for women.

Closing the gender gap in education and empowering women requires a multi-faceted approach. This includes improving women's access to finance, quality childcare, workplace safety, and land ownership rights. It also necessitates addressing societal attitudes and promoting gender equity through education and awareness programs.

While India has made strides in bridging the gender gap in education, as reflected in its improved score in educational attainment in the Global Gender Gap Index 2025, disparities remain in economic participation and political empowerment. To achieve true gender equality, India needs to focus on creating a more equitable society where both boys and girls have the opportunity to reach their full potential. The focus should be on skills relevant to the digital and tech economy. Concerted efforts are needed to address the underlying causes of boys dropping out of school, ensuring that they too can benefit from education and contribute to India's economic growth.