Amidst rising trade tensions with the United States, India is reportedly in discussions with Russia to procure additional S-400 missile defense systems. This development occurs in the wake of increased tariffs imposed by the U.S. on Indian imports, partly due to India's continued trade with Russia.

Dmitry Shugayev, the head of Russia's Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation, stated that negotiations are underway to expand cooperation with India in the realm of S-400 missile systems, potentially leading to new deliveries. While India already possesses the S-400 system, there's consideration for further acquisitions.

In 2018, India and Russia inked a $5.5 billion deal for five S-400 Triumf long-range surface-to-air missile systems, motivated by India's need to counter perceived threats from China. To date, three of these units have been delivered, with the remaining two expected in 2026 and 2027. The S-400 systems played a role in Operation Sindoor, India's military action against terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in May.

The discussions about additional S-400 systems coincide with a period when India faces pressure from the U.S. regarding its oil and arms trade with Russia. U.S. President Donald Trump's administration has imposed a 50% tariff on certain Indian imports, a move interpreted by some as a consequence of India's continued oil trade with Moscow following the Ukraine invasion in 2022. Trump has criticized India for purchasing military equipment and energy from Russia.

Despite these pressures, India seems to be strengthening ties with Russia. Russian President Vladimir Putin is scheduled to visit India in December, signaling the deepening relationship between the two nations. Furthermore, India has found itself importing oil from Russia at discounted prices, with Urals crude being offered at $3-$4 cheaper than Brent crude.

Amidst global uncertainties and U.S. tariffs, Russia's envoy to international organizations in Vienna, Mikhail Ulyanov, has noted the growing partnership between India and China as part of a "qualitatively new system of international relations".

The S-400 Triumf, introduced in 2007, is considered one of the most advanced surface-to-air missile systems globally. It is designed to defend against a wide array of aerial threats, including fighter jets, ballistic and cruise missiles, drones, and stealth aircraft.