New Delhi is currently grappling with a severe air pollution crisis, and the impact is not limited to humans. Veterinary doctors are reporting a significant surge in respiratory illnesses and eye infections among pets and birds. Animals, especially those closer to the ground, face a heightened risk from fine particulate matter like PM2.5, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.
Increased Cases and Symptoms
Sanjai Mahopatra, founder of the House of Stray Animals NGO, notes a rise in dogs and cats with serious breathing issues. His team has treated nearly 55 to 60 such cases in the past month and a half, many involving lung congestion. These conditions can escalate into distemper, characterized by coughing, fever, and discharge from the eyes and nose, and in some instances, pneumonia. Prolonged exposure to pollution weakens the animal's immunity, exacerbating viral and neurological conditions.
Rameshwar Yadav, a veterinarian treating birds in East Delhi's Shahdara, has also observed a noticeable increase in pollution-related ailments. In recent weeks, he has treated about 25 birds suffering from watery, irritated eyes, eye infections, and loose motion, which he attributes to constant exposure to dust and polluted air. Princess, a veterinarian and animal welfare activist in Model Town, explains that pets like dogs, cats, and rabbits are particularly vulnerable because they breathe closer to the ground where PM2.5 concentrations are higher. These fine particles enter their lungs and bloodstream, leading to lung congestion and digestive problems. Additionally, dust settling on their fur can be ingested when they groom themselves, causing throat infections and loose motion.
Vulnerability of Stray Animals
Stray animals are especially at risk due to their constant exposure to toxic air without access to protected indoor environments or medical care. These animals face a higher risk of developing respiratory illnesses and compromised immune systems. Wildlife in Delhi's parks and green spaces is also suffering, with increased mortality rates among birds and small mammals during severe pollution episodes.
Protecting Pets
To protect pets from the harmful effects of air pollution, experts recommend a multi-faceted approach that addresses both indoor and outdoor environments. It is essential to create safe spaces within homes by investing in air filtration systems with HEPA filters capable of removing fine particulate matter. These purifiers should be placed in areas where pets spend most of their time. Keeping windows closed during high-pollution periods, especially in the early morning and evening, is also crucial. Air conditioning or fans should be used for ventilation instead of opening windows.
Outdoor activities should be modified based on air quality. Brachycephalic breeds (flat-faced dogs like Pugs and Bulldogs) are more sensitive due to their compressed airways and should have limited outdoor exposure during pollution spikes. Walks should be scheduled during midday hours when air quality is slightly better, kept brief, and avoid high-traffic areas.
Long-Term Health Implications
Long-term exposure to air pollution can lead to permanent respiratory damage, compromised immune systems, and potentially reduced lifespans in pets. Some research indicates that prolonged exposure may also affect reproductive health. Therefore, regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for early detection and treatment of pollution-related health issues.
Current Air Quality
On a recent Sunday, Delhi's Air Quality Index (AQI) reached 461, marking the city's most polluted day this winter and the second-worst December air quality recorded. Jahangirpuri reported an AQI of 498, while Wazirpur reached 500, the highest possible reading. Weak winds and low temperatures have trapped pollutants close to the surface, worsening conditions. Veterinarians advise pet owners to limit outdoor exposure, ensure animals remain well-hydrated, and seek immediate medical attention if they show signs of breathing difficulty, eye irritation, or unusual behavior.
