India's ambitious Gaganyaan mission, aiming to send Indian astronauts into space, is currently slated for the first quarter of 2027, according to ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan. This follows a series of postponements from the initial target of 2022, primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the complexities involved in developing indigenous spaceflight technologies.
The Gaganyaan program has reached a critical phase, with significant progress in the development and testing of key components. These include the human-rated LVM3 launch vehicle, the Crew Escape System, and the Crew and Service Modules. These systems are undergoing rigorous testing and integration to ensure the safety and success of the mission.
Prior to the crewed mission, ISRO plans to conduct three uncrewed test flights. The first, G1, is scheduled for later in 2025 and will feature Vyomitra, a half-humanoid robot designed to gather crucial data during flight. Two additional uncrewed missions, G2 and G3, will follow in 2026, also carrying Vyomitra. These missions are essential for validating the technology and infrastructure before risking human lives.
Group Captain Angad Pratap, one of the four astronaut designates selected for the Gaganyaan mission, has shared insights into the program's development and the extensive training involved. He emphasized the importance of reliability and safety in the chosen systems, stating that ISRO is wisely relying on its most robust and tested technologies.
Pratap highlighted ISRO's impressive track record, including successful missions like the Mars Orbiter Mission and Chandrayaan-3, as evidence of the agency's credibility. He also stressed the importance of trust between the astronauts and ISRO, acknowledging the rigorous testing protocols in place.
The astronaut designates have undergone extensive training, including a 14-month program at Russia's Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre. This training covered various aspects of spaceflight, including Soyuz spacecraft operation and basic training on the Russian segment of the International Space Station. Upon returning to India, the astronauts continued their training at the astronaut training facility in Bangalore, focusing on the Gaganyaan spacecraft and human-rated launch vehicle.
Pratap also underscored the importance of patience, training, and character building for astronauts. He noted that most of an astronaut's career is spent on Earth, contributing to scientific advancements. The astronaut designates maintain their skills through regular technical meetings with ISRO and occasional flying stints with the Indian Air Force.
The selection of the four astronauts, Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla, all experienced fighter pilots from the Indian Air Force, reflects the mission's emphasis on expertise and preparedness.
ISRO is also actively collaborating with international partners, including Axiom Space, to provide further opportunities for Indian astronauts. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is scheduled to travel to the International Space Station (ISS) on Axiom Space's Ax-4 mission in June 2025, where he will conduct research on the effects of space on humans and plants.
As India progresses towards its first human spaceflight, the Gaganyaan mission represents a significant step in the nation's space program, driving technological innovation, inspiring future generations, and solidifying India's position as a major player in the global space community.
