Recent criticisms from Rahul Gandhi have put Prime Minister Narendra Modi's economic policies under intense scrutiny, particularly concerning job creation and the 'Make in India' initiative. Gandhi asserts that the government has excelled in crafting catchy slogans but has failed to deliver tangible solutions to address the country's pressing economic challenges, especially the needs of India's youth.

Gandhi has been a vocal critic of the 'Make in India' program, suggesting it has not achieved its intended goals. He argues that instead of boosting domestic manufacturing, the sector's contribution to the GDP has declined significantly, reaching a 60-year low. Citing data, Gandhi pointed out the decrease from 15.3% in 2014 to 12.6% recently. He believes this decline directly correlates with the struggles faced by young Indians seeking employment. Gandhi stated that no government has been able to tackle the problem of unemployment.

The Congress leader has also raised concerns about broader economic policies, arguing that they disproportionately affect the poor and middle class. He specifically mentioned the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and income tax policies, claiming they have made life difficult for ordinary citizens while corporate loans are readily waived. Gandhi contends that real development should encompass a fair business environment, equitable tax systems, and increasing incomes for workers, which he believes are currently lacking.

In January 2025, Gandhi launched the 'White T-shirt Movement' to advocate for economic justice and equality, urging people to oppose wealth inequalities and discrimination. This initiative reflects his call for a shift in policy focus towards bottom-up empowerment, starting with boosting rural incomes. He has also emphasized the need for tax relief for the middle class and income support for the poor.

Furthermore, Gandhi has criticized the government's handling of foreign policy and its potential economic repercussions. He cautioned that the US tariffs could devastate the Indian economy, impacting key sectors such as automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. He also questioned the government's approach to China, particularly regarding border disputes and trade relations.

In response to these criticisms, the government maintains that it is actively working to address inflation and promote economic growth through various measures, including stabilizing commodity prices and enhancing supply chains. However, Gandhi and other critics argue that these measures have not provided sufficient relief to the average citizen.