Kashmir, typically known for its pleasant climate, has recently experienced record-breaking heat, raising concerns among experts and residents alike. While rainfall has provided some respite, the underlying factors contributing to this unusual heatwave are being closely analyzed. Several elements, ranging from global climate change to local environmental degradation, are believed to be responsible for the intense heat.
One of the primary drivers is the overall rise in global temperatures. Experts note that temperatures in Kashmir have increased by approximately 6 degrees Celsius, mirroring a worldwide trend. This increase is attributed to climate change, which is causing shifts in weather patterns and leading to more frequent and intense heat waves.
Another significant factor is the prolonged dry spell in the region. A 50% rainfall deficit has been reported, exacerbating the heatwave and impacting agriculture, particularly paddy crops. Director of the India Meteorological Department in Srinagar, Mukhtar Ahmad, explained that in the past, rainfall would typically follow temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius, providing relief. However, extended dry spells are now more common due to reduced water vapor availability. The lack of snow in the mountains has also reduced autoconvective rainfalls, which would normally bring relief from the heat.
Deforestation and the destruction of water bodies are also contributing to the rising temperatures. Trees play a crucial role in regulating temperature and maintaining moisture levels. Their loss can lead to drier conditions and higher temperatures. Similarly, the vandalism or shrinking of wetlands disrupts the natural water cycle, further contributing to the heat.
Unplanned urbanization is another key factor. Cities like Srinagar have expanded with little consideration for green spaces, leading to the "Urban Heat Island" (UHI) effect. This phenomenon occurs when urban areas, characterized by concrete and macadam surfaces, retain more heat than surrounding rural areas. Vehicular traffic and industrial activity further intensify this effect.
Independent weather forecaster Faizan Arif pointed out that the consistency of high temperatures this year is particularly worrisome. Unlike past instances of isolated high temperatures, both maximum and minimum temperatures have remained consistently above normal.
The record-breaking heat is having a significant impact on agriculture, with crops like maize, saffron, and apples being particularly vulnerable. Farmers are already worried about parched fields and dry irrigation streams, raising concerns about potential crop losses. The heatwave has also deteriorated the quality of life and dried up water bodies, including the Jhelum River.
The current situation highlights the growing influence of global climate change on the region. Experts emphasize that the extreme heat is not just a temporary phenomenon but a sign of a future where such conditions may become the new normal. Addressing these challenges will require a multifaceted approach, including global efforts to combat climate change and local measures to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.
