In response to the recently signed strategic mutual defense pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, India has adopted a tone of cautious observation, emphasizing its "wide-ranging strategic partnership" with Riyadh and expressing the expectation that the agreement will respect "mutual interests and sensitivities". The pact, formalized on Wednesday, September 17, 2025, stipulates that any aggression against either country will be considered an aggression against both.

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has acknowledged awareness of the long-standing arrangement between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, now formalized through this pact. MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated that the government will study the implications of this development for India's national security, as well as for regional and global stability, reiterating India's commitment to protecting its national interests and ensuring comprehensive national security across all domains.

India's reaction balances concern with an understanding of its own strong ties with Saudi Arabia, which have deepened considerably in recent years. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's state visit to Riyadh in April 2025 resulted in multiple agreements covering sectors like energy, space, and health, indicating a robust and expanding relationship. Moreover, India and Saudi Arabia have increased their defense cooperation, conducting joint naval and land force exercises.

The defense pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan has sparked speculation regarding potential access to Pakistan's nuclear capabilities for Saudi Arabia, particularly amidst heightened tensions in the Middle East. Analysts suggest the agreement signals a declining confidence in the United States as a reliable security guarantor for Gulf states. The agreement was signed shortly after reported Israeli strikes in Qatar. The pact is viewed by some as a step towards formalizing collective security against potential regional threats.

Despite these concerns, Saudi officials have conveyed that their relationship with India is strong and will continue to grow, with the Kingdom seeking to contribute to regional peace. Saudi Arabia has also, in the past, condemned terrorist attacks in India.

India's approach involves a strategy of "quiet hedging," which includes closer defense cooperation with Israel, potential new military procurements, and diplomatic engagement with Gulf states to ensure the pact does not negatively impact Indian interests. Some experts believe that Saudi financial support could strengthen Pakistan's military capabilities, which could indirectly affect India.

The situation presents a complex balancing act for India, given its strategic interests in the Gulf region and its relationship with both Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. India's focus remains on safeguarding its national interests and maintaining stability in the region, while carefully navigating the evolving dynamics of the Saudi-Pakistan alliance.