Amid rising concerns about the surge in "brain-eating" amoeba cases in Kerala, Congress MP Shashi Tharoor is urging the public to exercise caution and avoid swimming in freshwater sources. This call to action comes as the state grapples with an increasing number of infections caused by Naegleria fowleri, a rare and dangerous amoeba.
Kerala is facing a serious public health challenge with the rise in cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare and often fatal brain infection. Since the beginning of 2025, the state has reported 69 cases, including 19 deaths. Recent data indicates that the situation is worsening, with three deaths occurring in the last month alone, including a three-month-old infant. In comparison, last year saw 36 reported cases and nine deaths.
The Naegleria fowleri amoeba, commonly known as the "brain-eating" amoeba, thrives in warm freshwater environments such as lakes and rivers. Infection occurs when contaminated water enters the nose, allowing the amoeba to travel to the brain and cause PAM. It's important to note that the infection cannot spread from person to person and is not contracted by drinking contaminated water.
Health officials are concerned about the changing pattern of infections. Unlike previous years where cases were linked to specific water sources, the recent cases appear to be isolated and spread across the state. This complicates epidemiological investigations and makes containment efforts more challenging.
The Kerala government has initiated several measures to control the spread of the amoeba. These include chlorinating wells, water tanks, and public bathing areas. The state has also launched the “Water is Life” campaign to combat water-borne diseases. Health Minister Veena George has emphasized the importance of early detection for effective treatment and has assured the public that the situation is being closely monitored.
Dr. Manan Vora, an Orthopaedic Surgeon, explained that nasal exposure to unsafe water is the primary cause of infection. Swimming, bathing, or diving in contaminated water can put individuals at risk. He recommends avoiding these activities in unsafe water sources.
Symptoms of PAM appear within a few days of exposure and can include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and general discomfort. As the infection progresses, more severe symptoms such as stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, seizures, and hallucinations may occur. The disease can advance rapidly, often leading to death within a week or two if not treated promptly.
While PAM is a rare disease, it is crucial to take preventive measures to minimize the risk of infection. These include:
The rise in "brain-eating" amoeba cases in Kerala is a serious concern, and Shashi Tharoor's call for caution is a timely reminder of the importance of taking preventive measures. By staying informed and following safety guidelines, individuals can protect themselves and their families from this rare but deadly infection.
