New Delhi Gears Up for High-Stakes Summit
Russian President Vladimir Putin's arrival in New Delhi on Thursday marks his first visit to India in four years, a diplomatic event unfolding amidst a complex geopolitical landscape. The 30-hour visit underscores the enduring strategic partnership between India and Russia, even as both nations navigate increasing pressures from the United States and a shifting global order.
The summit between Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the 23rd annual summit between India and Russia. These summits, which alternate between the two countries, form the cornerstone of the India-Russia relationship. Although the tradition was disrupted in recent years, with Modi unable to visit Russia in 2022 and Putin skipping the G20 summit in New Delhi in 2023, this meeting reaffirms the commitment of both nations to their long-standing ties.
High on the agenda are discussions aimed at bolstering defense cooperation, insulating bilateral trade from external pressures, and exploring new avenues for collaboration in areas such as small modular reactors. The meeting between the two leaders will be preceded by the 22nd India-Russia Inter-Governmental Commission on Military & Military Technical Cooperation, co-chaired by the defense ministers of both countries. This commission will review ongoing defense projects and discuss potential acquisitions, including additional S-400 air defense systems and the next-generation S-500 system. Timely delivery of the remaining S-400 units is also expected to be discussed.
Defense cooperation has historically been a crucial aspect of the India-Russia relationship. While India is working to diversify its defense procurement, Russia remains a key supplier, and the two countries have moved towards joint research, development, and production of advanced defense technologies.
Economic ties are also a major focus of Putin's visit. Bilateral trade reached a record high of $68.7 billion in FY 2024-25, nearly six times higher than pre-pandemic levels. The two countries aim to increase this to $100 billion by 2030. However, the trade relationship is heavily skewed towards Russian exports, primarily crude oil, leading to a significant trade deficit for India. Discussions will likely address ways to bridge this gap by increasing Indian exports and diversifying trade. Both countries are also looking at strengthening inter-regional cooperation and promoting connectivity initiatives. A program for the development of strategic cooperation in the economy by 2030 is expected to be signed.
The visit occurs amidst growing pressure from the United States on India to reduce its purchases of Russian oil. The US has imposed tariffs on India, partly due to its oil imports from Russia. Despite this pressure, India has maintained its stance, asserting its right to pursue its national interests. Russia has expressed understanding of the pressures India faces and has affirmed that relations should be free from the influence of third countries.
Putin's visit provides an opportunity for both countries to reaffirm their commitment to a "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership". It also sends a signal that neither country will be cowed by external pressures. As India navigates a complex geopolitical landscape, its relationship with Russia remains a key pillar of its foreign policy.
