Amidst a backdrop of global economic turbulence and shifting geopolitical alliances, India and China are seeking a diplomatic thaw, with the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) potentially playing a pivotal role in reviving the "Troika". Prime Minister Narendra Modi's recent visit to Tianjin, China, for the SCO summit marks his first trip to the country in seven years, signaling a potential reset in Sino-Indian ties.

The Rationale for Rapprochement

Several factors are driving this push for improved relations. The most immediate is the strain caused by the United States' tariff policies. With the U.S. imposing tariffs on Indian exports, New Delhi is reassessing its options and seeking stronger partnerships with Beijing and other Eurasian players. This has created a shared interest in stabilizing the global economic order and promoting a multipolar world.

Beyond economics, both nations recognize the importance of regional stability. The SCO, with its focus on counter-terrorism, security, and regional connectivity, provides a platform for addressing shared challenges. For India, the SCO is crucial for connecting with Central Asia, a region rich in natural resources and vital minerals. A stable Afghanistan is also in India's interest, and the SCO can play a significant role in achieving that.

The SCO as a Catalyst

The SCO, established in 2001, has evolved into a significant regional bloc, promoting cooperation in political, economic, and security spheres. Its objectives include strengthening mutual trust among member states, promoting effective cooperation in various fields, and maintaining regional peace and security. The organization's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is particularly relevant, facilitating coordination and information sharing in the fight against terrorism, extremism, and separatism.

India, which became a full member of the SCO in 2017, has been actively participating in the organization, focusing on initiatives that benefit member states. During its presidency of the Council of Heads of State of SCO in 2022-23, India introduced new ideas and collaborations in innovation, health, and cultural exchanges.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the potential for improved relations, several challenges remain. The long-standing border dispute, particularly the Line of Actual Control (LAC), continues to be a point of contention. The deadly clashes in the Galwan Valley in 2020 significantly strained relations, and the legacy of mistrust persists.

However, there have been positive developments. In October 2024, India and China reached an agreement on patrolling arrangements along the LAC, leading to disengagement and a resolution of the conflict that began in 2020. This agreement allows for the resumption of patrols along the disputed border in the Ladakh region, easing tensions.

The Path Forward

The SCO summit provides an opportunity for India and China to address these challenges and explore avenues for cooperation. Prime Minister Modi is scheduled to meet with President Xi Jinping and President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the summit. These meetings could pave the way for further normalization of relations, with discussions likely to focus on economic ties, border issues, and regional security.

For India, balancing partnerships with both the West and Beijing demonstrates its commitment to multi-alignment in an increasingly polarized world. By actively engaging in the SCO, India can pursue its strategic interests, promote regional stability, and contribute to a more balanced global order.