A significant portion of the global diabetic population remains unaware of their condition, hindering timely management and increasing the risk of complications. A recent study published in Lancet Global Health reveals that nearly four out of ten individuals with diabetes in India are unaware of their disease. This highlights a critical gap in diabetes awareness and detection, particularly among middle-aged and older adults.

The study, based on the analysis of a survey conducted between 2017 and 2019 with 57,810 adults aged 45 years and older, found that 20% of adults in this age group in India had diabetes. Notably, the prevalence was similar for both men and women. The research also indicated that urban areas had approximately twice the prevalence of diabetes compared to rural areas, likely reflecting differences in lifestyle and dietary habits.

These findings underscore the urgent need to scale up policies and interventions aimed at preventing, detecting, managing, and controlling diabetes, especially in middle-aged and older adults. India has the second-highest number of adults with diabetes globally, and the disease was responsible for approximately 3% of total deaths in the country in 2019.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also highlighted the issue of undiagnosed diabetes in the United States. From August 2021 to August 2023, 4.5% of adults in the U.S. had undiagnosed diabetes. This means that slightly more than a quarter of adults with diabetes are unaware they have the condition. Undiagnosed diabetes prevalence increases with age, with 1.3% of adults aged 20-39 undiagnosed, compared to 5.6% of those aged 40-59, and 6.8% of those 60 and older. Weight status also plays a role, as 1.6% of adults in the "underweight or normal" category are undiagnosed, versus 2.8% of overweight adults and about 8% of adults with obesity.

Several factors can contribute to a person being unaware that they have diabetes. The early stages of type 2 diabetes often have no noticeable symptoms. Some people may experience mild symptoms that they don't recognize as being diabetes-related, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained fatigue, or blurred vision. Lack of awareness about diabetes, its risk factors, and symptoms is another key contributor. Limited access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas or among underserved populations, can also prevent people from getting screened and diagnosed.

The consequences of undiagnosed diabetes can be severe. Over time, uncontrolled high blood sugar levels can lead to damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent or delay these complications.

To combat this issue, several strategies can be implemented. Public awareness campaigns can educate people about diabetes risk factors, symptoms, and the importance of early screening. Regular screening programs, particularly targeting high-risk groups such as older adults, obese individuals, and those with a family history of diabetes, can help identify undiagnosed cases. Increased access to healthcare services, especially in underserved communities, is also crucial.

The National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) and other lifestyle change programs have demonstrated success in helping people with prediabetes prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. These programs typically involve education on healthy eating, physical activity, and weight management. The American Diabetes Association also offers recognized diabetes education programs to provide individuals with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to manage their condition.

Ultimately, addressing the issue of undiagnosed diabetes requires a multi-pronged approach involving public health initiatives, healthcare providers, and individuals themselves. By increasing awareness, promoting screening, and improving access to care, it is possible to reduce the number of people living with undiagnosed diabetes and improve health outcomes for all.