In India, the issue of some voters holding multiple voter cards, also known as Electors Photo Identity Cards (EPICs), is a complex one with historical roots and ongoing efforts to rectify it. While it is illegal for a person to possess multiple valid voter cards for the same constituency or different constituencies, the reasons behind this occurrence are varied. The Election Commission of India (ECI) has been actively addressing this issue to ensure the integrity of the electoral process.
One of the primary reasons for the existence of multiple voter cards is migration. As people move between cities and states for work, education, or other reasons, they may register as voters in their new location without deleting their name from the electoral rolls of their previous location. This can result in an individual possessing voter cards from multiple locations.
Another significant factor contributing to this issue dates back to the year 2000 when EPIC numbers were introduced across states and union territories. Due to inconsistencies in the allocation process and a decentralized manual system of allotting EPIC numbers that predated the current ERONET system, some Electoral Registration Officers (EROs) did not follow the correct numbering system, leading to duplicate numbers. Some assemblies continued to use old series or made typographic errors, further exacerbating the problem.
In some instances, voters may apply for a new voter ID card without deactivating their existing one. This can happen when individuals move to a new constituency or if they have lost or damaged their original voter ID card. While applying for a duplicate card is permissible, possessing multiple valid cards simultaneously is not. In other cases, multiple cards are issued to the same resident due to the voter submitting both Form 6 and Form 7 for address changes or applying for a new voter ID twice.
The ECI has taken several steps to tackle the problem of duplicate voter cards. It has been actively identifying and deleting duplicate entries in the electoral roll. The commission has been using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify multiple voter cards with similar names or near-identical photos. It also allowed voluntary linking of Aadhaar with voter identity cards to make the process easier. Further, the Election Commission has set a three-month deadline to resolve duplicate Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC) numbers, aiming to improve electoral roll accuracy.
The ECI has clarified that duplication in EPIC numbers across states does not indicate fake voters, as one can only vote at their designated polling station. To resolve the problem of duplication of numbers, the entire database of electors was searched and fresh cards were issued to voters with the same EPIC numbers. The commission also stated that a voter is linked to a specific polling station and can only vote there, regardless of their EPIC number. Safeguards, including ink marking and other security measures, are implemented to prevent double voting.
Despite these measures, concerns remain about the accuracy of voter lists and the potential for electoral malpractice. Opposition parties have alleged that duplicate voter cards and discrepancies in voter lists can be used to manipulate electoral outcomes. The ECI has refuted these allegations and has affirmed its commitment to conducting free and fair elections.
The issue of voters holding multiple voter cards in India is a multifaceted problem stemming from migration, historical inconsistencies in EPIC number allocation, and procedural lapses. The ECI is actively working to address these issues through technological solutions, stricter verification processes, and public awareness campaigns. While challenges remain, the commission is committed to ensuring the integrity of the electoral process and preventing voter fraud.
