The Indian National Congress is demanding an explanation from the government regarding Russia's decision to supply advanced RD-93MA jet engines to Pakistan for its JF-17 fighter jets, despite India's objections. This development has raised concerns about the direction of India-Russia relations, a partnership that was once considered a cornerstone of India's foreign policy.

Congress leader Jairam Ramesh has publicly criticized Prime Minister Narendra Modi's diplomatic efforts, suggesting they prioritize image-building over safeguarding national interests. Ramesh questioned why Russia, historically a reliable strategic ally of India, would disregard New Delhi's concerns and proceed with supplying these engines to Pakistan. He argued that this situation highlights the limitations of "high-visibility diplomacy," where grand gestures fail to yield substantive outcomes.

The supply of RD-93MA engines is viewed as a significant enhancement to Pakistan's air capabilities, particularly for its JF-17 Thunder Block III fighters, which were co-developed with China. These engines, produced by Russia's United Engine Corporation (UEC)-Klimov, provide a higher thrust rating and improved fuel efficiency compared to previous models, allowing the JF-17 to carry heavier payloads and operate more effectively. The Block III variant is also equipped with advanced avionics and PL-15 missiles, potentially posing a threat to Indian assets.

India's concerns extend beyond the capabilities of the JF-17. There is apprehension about Russia's willingness to supply these engines despite India's objections, especially after reports suggested JF-17s were used against India during Operation Sindoor. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar reportedly intervened in June 2025 to express India's concerns, but Russia has continued with the deal.

Russia's decision highlights a potential shift in its foreign policy, balancing its long-standing strategic partnership with India against its growing relationship with Pakistan and China. For Pakistan, the RD-93MA engines bridge a critical gap until indigenous or Chinese engines mature, ensuring the JF-17 program's continued relevance. This also strengthens military ties between Pakistan and Russia.

Despite India's long history as a major purchaser of Russian arms, Moscow appears to be prioritizing its own economic and geopolitical interests. Russia's need to diversify its arms sales, particularly in light of Western sanctions, may be a contributing factor. This decision allows Russia to leverage defense exports as a geopolitical tool, solidifying its alignment with Beijing and Islamabad.

The situation has sparked debate about the future of India-Russia relations and India's strategic posture. While India continues to pursue major defense purchases from Russia, including S-400 missile systems and potentially Su-57 stealth fighters, this incident raises questions about Russia's reliability as a partner and India's ability to diplomatically isolate Pakistan. It also underscores the evolving dynamics in South Asia's balance of power.