Sriharikota, December 24, 2025 – The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) concluded 2025 with a momentous achievement, successfully launching the BlueBird Block-2 satellite into low Earth orbit (LEO) using its Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), nicknamed 'Baahubali'. The launch took place at 8:55 am from the second launch pad at Sriharikota, marking ISRO's heaviest payload ever launched from Indian soil. The mission extends the LVM3's unbroken streak to nine consecutive successes.
The BlueBird Block-2 satellite, weighing 6,100 kg, is a next-generation communications satellite from US-based AST SpaceMobile. The satellite is intended to provide direct-to-mobile connectivity through a global LEO constellation, enabling 4G and 5G voice and video calls, texts, streaming, and data for users worldwide. According to ISRO, the BlueBird Block-2 features a 223 m² phased array, making it the largest commercial communications satellite ever deployed into low Earth orbit. AST SpaceMobile has launched five satellites, Bluebird 1-5, in September 2024, which provide continuous coverage across the United States and other select countries.
ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan hailed the launch as a "standout flight on multiple fronts". He noted the launcher achieved exceptional orbital accuracy, placing BlueBird at 518.9 km against a target of 520 km. Narayanan also highlighted the mission's historical significance, marking ISRO's 434th satellite deployment for 34 countries over 45 years, and the first back-to-back LVM3 mission achieved with a turnaround of just 52 days. "With nine consecutive successful LVM3 launches, our confidence in the Gaganyaan mission has significantly increased," Narayanan stated.
The LVM3, a three-stage carrier rocket, has a lift-off mass of 640 tonnes and a height of 43.5 meters. It comprises two solid strap-on motors (S200), a liquid core stage (L110), and a cryogenic upper stage (C25). Technological upgrades, including replacing electro-hydraulic actuators with electro-mechanical systems to control the S200 booster motors, have increased the rocket's payload capability by more than 150 kg. Mission director T. Victor Joseph stated that these upgrades demonstrate ISRO's enhanced capabilities for future missions, including the Gaganyaan human spaceflight program.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi lauded the launch as "a significant stride in India's space sector". The successful placement of BlueBird Block-2 into its intended orbit is a proud moment in India's space journey. This mission not only reinforces India's position as a key player in the global space market but also enhances confidence in ISRO's ability to undertake complex and demanding missions. The LVM3 rocket has demonstrated its 100 percent success rate.
The BlueBird Block-2 mission is a dedicated commercial mission, facilitated by NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL), the commercial arm of ISRO, under a commercial agreement with AST SpaceMobile. The successful launch of BlueBird Block-2 is expected to intensify competition in the space-based connectivity sector, challenging established players like Elon Musk's SpaceX.
