The 21-gun salute is a ceremonial tradition steeped in history and military honor, performed worldwide to signify respect and reverence. In India, this tradition is a highlight of the Republic Day parade, a symbol of national pride, discipline, and honor.

Origins and Evolution

The practice of gun salutes dates back centuries, primarily within naval forces. The act of firing cannons initially served a practical purpose: to show a ship's peaceful intentions by discharging its weapons upon entering a port. Because early cannons required considerable time to reload, firing them was a sign of disarmament and a lack of hostile intent.

The specific number of 21 gradually became associated with honoring important figures and events. A common explanation traces back to the British navy, where warships with seven cannons would fire all their guns. Land-based forts, with greater access to gunpowder, would respond with three shots for every naval shot, totaling 21. Over time, the 21-gun salute evolved into an international standard, recognized as the highest form of military honor.

Tradition in India

India inherited the 21-gun salute tradition from the British Empire. Before independence, the British Crown, referred to as the Emperor of India, received a 101-gun salute, also known as the Imperial Salute. This was followed by a 31-gun salute, or Royal Salute, for the Empress, members of the Royal Family, the Viceroy, and the Governor-General of India.

After India's independence in 1947, the 21-gun salute was adopted to honor the President of India, the most honorable member of the Indian Constitution. The first Republic Day on January 26, 1950, was marked by a 21-gun salute as Dr. Rajendra Prasad unfurled the National Flag, heralding the birth of the Indian Republic.

Modern Significance

Today, the 21-gun salute is presented to the President during the Republic Day parade, when a new President is sworn in, and during visits by foreign heads of state. The President, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, receives this honor as the national anthem plays and the flag is unfurled.

The 21-gun salute on Republic Day is a meticulously coordinated display. Soldiers from the elite 871 Field Regiment use vintage artillery to fire the cannons at precise intervals of 2.25 seconds, ensuring that all 21 rounds are completed within the 52-second duration of the national anthem. The synchronisation of the gun salute with the unfurling of the flag and the President's Bodyguard's salute requires rigorous practice and adherence to safety protocols. The tradition symbolizes the sovereignty of the nation and the respect accorded to the Indian flag.

The 21-gun salute is not just a display of military precision but a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made by freedom fighters and the nation's spirit of unity and freedom. It connects the present with the past, honoring ancient customs while celebrating the democratic values of modern India.