India is reportedly considering procuring additional S-400 surface-to-air missile systems from Russia, following the weapon's demonstrated effectiveness during Operation Sindoor. Sources suggest that discussions regarding this potential acquisition may occur during Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to New Delhi in December.

Background and Initial Acquisition

In October 2018, India formalized a USD 5 billion agreement with Russia to acquire five units of the S-400 air defense missile systems. This decision was made despite warnings from the United States regarding potential sanctions under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). To date, three of the five contracted S-400 squadrons have been delivered and operationalized. The final unit is expected to be delivered by early 2026.

Operation Sindoor and System Performance

The S-400 systems played a crucial role during Operation Sindoor, reportedly demonstrating exceptional performance. Air Chief Marshal A.P. Singh lauded the system as a "game-changer," confirming its success in neutralizing five hostile fighter jets during the operation. Notably, it successfully downed a Pakistani Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft from approximately 300 kilometers away. This engagement is believed to be the longest-range surface-to-air kill ever recorded.

Capabilities of the S-400

The S-400 Triumf, known as the SA-21 Growler by NATO, is a mobile, long-range air defense system developed by Russia. It is designed to detect, track, and destroy a variety of aerial threats, including aircraft, missiles, and drones. Some key features and capabilities of the S-400 include:

• Long Range: The radar system can detect and track targets up to 600 kilometers away.
• Multiple Target Engagement: The system can engage multiple targets simultaneously. It can track up to 300 targets and simultaneously engage up to 36 threats.
• Versatility: Employs four types of missiles to create a layered defense, capable of intercepting targets ranging from stealth aircraft and drones to ballistic and cruise missiles.
• Advanced Radar: Equipped with advanced radar systems, including the 91N6E Big Bird and the 92N6E Grave Stone, offering 360-degree detection and guidance.
• Mobility: The system is mounted on mobile launchers, allowing for rapid deployment and relocation.
• Electronic Warfare Countermeasures: Designed to operate effectively in the face of electronic jamming and other countermeasures.

Potential S-500 Acquisition

In addition to potentially acquiring more S-400 units, India may also consider procuring the S-500 missile defense system.

Strategic Implications

The potential procurement of additional S-400 systems, along with the possible acquisition of S-500 systems, indicates India's commitment to strengthening its air defense capabilities. These systems are expected to enhance India's strategic defenses and serve as a deterrent along its borders.