The recent death sentence handed down to former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina by the Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal has sent shockwaves throughout the region, significantly straining the already complex relationship between Bangladesh and India. The verdict, delivered on November 17, 2025, finds Hasina guilty of crimes against humanity, including directing destructive force during the June 2024 student-led protests, which reportedly resulted in 1,400 deaths. Hasina, who resigned and subsequently sought refuge in India, has vehemently denied the charges, claiming they are politically motivated.
This development occurs at a particularly delicate time for Bangladesh, with general elections slated for February. The interim government, led by Muhammad Yunus, faces the daunting task of managing internal tensions and ensuring a smooth transition of power. The situation is further complicated by the fact that Hasina maintains a considerable political following within Bangladesh, and her conviction could alienate millions of Bangladeshis, potentially destabilizing the nation.
For India, Hasina's death sentence presents a multifaceted diplomatic challenge. As Bangladesh's closest and largest partner, India shares deep ties with its neighbor in areas such as security, trade, energy, and border management. Openly condemning or supporting the verdict could have far-reaching implications for regional dynamics and bilateral interests.
Several factors contribute to the complexity of India's position. Firstly, there is the question of Hasina's extradition. While Dhaka has expressed interest in bringing the 78-year-old former leader back to Bangladesh, it has not pursued the matter stringently. India, on the other hand, is unlikely to return Hasina, especially if the charges against her appear politically motivated or filed in bad faith. Granting political asylum to Hasina could further strain relations with the current Bangladeshi government.
Secondly, India must consider the potential for increased security challenges, including a possible influx of Bangladeshi refugees. Moreover, weakening ties between India and Bangladesh during this period of political instability could create an opportunity for China to expand its influence in the region. India must avoid any perception that its neutrality or sympathy for Hasina is anti-India or detrimental to the new Bangladeshi regime.
Despite these challenges, India has signaled its intent to engage constructively with all stakeholders in Bangladesh to promote peace, democracy, and stability. National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met with his Bangladeshi counterpart, Khalilur Rahman, inviting him to a regional maritime security conclave in New Delhi. This suggests that India is seeking dialogue with Dhaka to address and resolve outstanding issues.
The situation demands a nuanced approach, requiring India to balance its commitment to democratic values and judicial impartiality with the need to protect its strategic interests and maintain regional stability. The lead-up to Bangladesh's February elections will be a critical test of Yunus' leadership and of the resilience of Bangladesh-India relations. The way forward requires patience, prudence, and a high degree of sensitivity from all parties involved.
