In Bangladesh, a nation that has long been praised for its progress in women's empowerment, recent events signal a troubling shift. Reports of "hijab policing" and restrictive workplace mandates are raising concerns about the state of women's rights in the country. While Bangladesh has made significant strides in female education and workforce participation, these new developments threaten to undermine the progress achieved.
For decades, women have been central to Bangladesh's economic success, particularly in the ready-made garment (RMG) sector. They constitute a significant portion of the workforce, contributing to the country's export earnings and economic growth. However, these women often face challenges such as low wages, poor working conditions, and limited opportunities for advancement. Despite these hurdles, their participation in the labor force has been a driving force for change, providing them with financial independence and greater political agency.
The recent reports of "hijab policing" are particularly alarming. In one instance, a young filmmaker in Dhaka was verbally abused for not wearing a scarf, highlighting a growing trend of harassment and intimidation against women who do not conform to conservative dress codes. While the hijab is not mandated by law in Bangladesh, there have been instances of women being pressured to wear it, sometimes to protect their jobs. This contradicts a High Court ruling that stated women cannot be forced to wear religious attire.
Moreover, there are concerns about women being compelled to adhere to certain dress codes in the workplace. Such mandates can be seen as a violation of personal freedom and autonomy, particularly when they are enforced under the guise of cultural or religious norms. These restrictions not only limit women's choices but also perpetuate discriminatory attitudes and practices.
The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is a significant factor contributing to these challenges. Since the fall of Sheikh Hasina's regime in August 2024, there have been increased reports of gender-based violence and attempts to suppress women's participation in public life. Radical Islamists have exploited political unrest, using religious rhetoric to justify violence and discrimination against women.
In addition to concerns about personal freedoms, there are also worrying trends in women's labor force participation. A recent report revealed a significant decline in female participation in the labor force, which experts attribute to jobless growth, structural barriers, and shrinking opportunities in manufacturing. The garment sector, which has historically been a major employer of women, is facing increased competition and automation, leading to fewer job opportunities for women with limited education.
Despite these challenges, it is important to recognize the resilience and determination of Bangladeshi women. They have consistently challenged traditional gender norms and asserted their political influence. Women played a crucial role in the recent protests that led to the fall of Sheikh Hasina's government, demonstrating their growing role as political actors.
To ensure the progress towards gender equality, several concrete steps need to be taken. Stronger enforcement of existing laws against gender-based violence is crucial, along with comprehensive support services for survivors. Investing in girls' education, promoting STEM fields, and addressing barriers to enrollment are also essential. Additionally, improving access to healthcare, particularly sexual and reproductive health services, is vital for women's autonomy and well-being.
The "new" Bangladesh must prioritize the protection and promotion of women's rights. The interim government, civil society, and the media all have a role to play in addressing the ongoing threats to women's safety and ensuring that they can fully participate in all aspects of society. Only by addressing these challenges can Bangladesh truly achieve its potential and build a more just and equitable society for all.
